Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā ʻāpana wili polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) a me PDC i ka mākeke no kekahi mau makahiki he ʻumi. I loko o kēia manawa lōʻihi, ua ʻike ka ʻoki PDC a me ka ʻāpana wili PDC i nā pilikia he nui i ko lākou wā mua, a ua ʻike pū i ka hoʻomohala nui. Me ka mālie akā i ka hopena, ua pani mālie nā ʻāpana PDC i nā ʻāpana cone me nā hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana i ka ʻoki PDC, ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻāpana, a me ke ʻano hydraulic o ka ʻāpana. I kēia manawa, ua noho nā ʻāpana PDC ma mua o 90% o ka huina o nā kiʻi wili ma ka honua.
Ua hana mua ʻia ka mea ʻoki PDC e General Electric (GE) i ka makahiki 1971. Ua hana ʻia nā mea ʻoki PDC mua no ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea i ka makahiki 1973 a me 3 mau makahiki o ka hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua a me ke kahua, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ma ke kālepa i ka makahiki 1976 ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻia ʻana he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā hana kuʻi o nā ʻāpana pihi carbide.
I ka wā mua, penei ke ʻano o ka mea ʻoki PDC: he wēlau poepoe carbide, (ke anawaena 8.38mm, ka mānoanoa 2.8mm), a me kahi papa daimana (ka mānoanoa 0.5mm me ka ʻole o ka chamfer ma ka ʻili). I kēlā manawa, aia kekahi mea ʻoki PDC "slug system" Compax. Penei ke ʻano o kēia mea ʻoki: ua hoʻopili ʻia ka PDC compax i ka slug carbide cemented i hiki ke maʻalahi ke kau ʻana ma luna o ka ʻāpana wili kila, a laila e lawe mai ana i ka maʻalahi i ka mea hoʻolālā ʻāpana wili.
I ka makahiki 1973, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo GE i kāna ʻāpana PDC mua i loko o kahi luawai ma ka ʻāpana ʻo King Ranch ma ka hema o Texas. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo ʻeli ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa ka pilikia hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka ʻāpana. ʻEkolu mau niho i hāʻule ma ka hui brazed, a ua haki pū ʻelua mau niho ʻē aʻe me ka ʻāpana tungsten carbide. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻāʻo ka hui i kahi ʻāpana wili lua ma ka ʻāpana ʻo Hudson ma Colorado. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi kēia ʻāpana wili i ka hoʻolālā hydraulic no ka pilikia hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ua hoʻokō ka ʻāpana i ka hana maikaʻi aʻe i nā ʻano one-shale me ka wikiwiki o ka wili wikiwiki. Akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa mai ke ala o ka lua i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka wā o ka wili ʻana, a ua loaʻa mau kahi liʻiliʻi o ka nalowale ʻana o nā mea ʻoki PDC ma muli o ka pilina brazing.
I ʻApelila 1974, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kolu o ka ʻāpana wili ma ka ʻāina ʻo San Juan ma Utah, USA. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi kēia ʻāpana i ke ʻano o ka niho a me ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana. Ua pani ka ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana kone kino kila ma ka luawai e pili ana, akā ua hāʻule ka nozzle a ua hōʻino ʻia ka ʻāpana. I kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia e hana kokoke i ka hopena o ka wili ʻana no kahi ʻano paʻakikī, a i ʻole he pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nozzle hāʻule.
Mai ka makahiki 1974 a i ka makahiki 1976, ua loiloi nā ʻoihana wili like ʻole a me nā mea kālepa i nā hoʻomaikaʻi like ʻole i ka mea ʻoki PDC. Ua kālele ʻia nā pilikia he nui i ka noiʻi. Ua hoʻohui maoli ʻia kēlā mau hopena noiʻi i loko o nā niho Stratapax PDC, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e GE i Dekemaba 1976.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka inoa mai Compax a i Stratapax ua kōkua i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka huikau i ka ʻoihana bit ma waena o nā bits me nā compacts tungsten carbide, a me ka daimana Compax.
I ka waena o nā makahiki 90, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻohana nui i ka ʻenehana chamfering ma nā niho ʻoki PDC, ua lawe ʻia ka ʻenehana multi-chamfer ma ke ʻano o kahi palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka makahiki 1995. Inā hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka ʻenehana chamfering, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kū'ē ʻana o ka haki o nā niho ʻoki PDC e 100%.
I nā makahiki 1980, ua aʻo ʻo GE Company (USA) a me Sumitomo Company (Iapana) i ka wehe ʻana o ka cobalt mai ka ʻili hana o nā niho PDC e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana o nā niho. Akā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā lākou ka holomua kalepa. Ua hoʻomohala hou ʻia kahi ʻenehana a ua patent ʻia e Hycalog（USA）. Ua hōʻoia ʻia inā hiki ke wehe ʻia ka mea metala mai ka hakahaka palaoa, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ke kūpaʻa wela o nā niho PDC i hiki i ka bit ke wili maikaʻi i nā ʻano paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka abrasive. Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia ʻenehana wehe cobalt i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā niho PDC i nā ʻano pōhaku paʻakikī a abrasive loa a hoʻonui hou i ka laulā noi o nā bits PDC.
Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻonui koke ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻāpana PDC. ʻO nā ʻano i hiki ʻole ke wili ʻia me nā ʻāpana PDC ua hiki ke wili mālie ʻia me ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hilinaʻi me nā ʻāpana wili PDC.
I ka makahiki 2004, ma ka ʻoihana wili ʻoki, ua noho ka loaʻa kālā mākeke o nā wili ʻoki PDC ma kahi o 50%, a ua hiki aku ka mamao o ka wili ʻana ma kahi o 60%. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia ulu ʻana a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ma nā noi wili ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau he mau wili PDC.
I ka pōkole, mai kona hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana i nā makahiki 70 a ʻike i kona ulu lohi mua ʻana, ua hoʻolaha mālie nā mea ʻoki PDC i ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana wili no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea a me ka wili ʻana. Nui ka hopena o ka ʻenehana PDC i ka ʻoihana wili.
ʻO nā mea komo hou i ka mākeke o nā niho ʻoki PDC kiʻekiʻe, a me nā ʻoihana wili nui, ke hoʻomau nei i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hana hou o nā mea hana hou a me nā kaʻina hana i hiki ai ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia ka hana o nā niho ʻoki PDC a me nā ʻāpana wili PDC.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-07-2023