Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā ʻāpana drill polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) a me PDC i ka mākeke no kekahi mau makahiki. I loko o kēia wā lōʻihi, ua ʻike ka mea ʻoki PDC a me ka drill bit PDC i nā pilikia he nui i ko lākou wā mua, ua ʻike pū kekahi i ka hoʻomohala nui. Me ka lohi akā i ka hope, ua hoʻololi mālie nā ʻāpana PDC i nā ʻāpana cone me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana i ka mea ʻoki PDC, ka paʻa paʻa, a me ke ʻano hydraulic bit. Aia nā ʻāpana PDC ma mua o 90% o ka nui o nā kiʻi wili i ka honua.
Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ʻo PDC Cutter e General Electric (GE) i ka makahiki 1971. Ua hana ʻia nā PDC Cutters mua no ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea i ka makahiki 1973 a me 3 mau makahiki o ka hoʻokolohua a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ma ke kālepa ma 1976 ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻia ʻana he nui aku. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻāpana pihi carbide.
I ka wā mua, ua like ke ʻano o ka mea ʻoki PDC: ʻo ka piko poʻe carbide, (ka anawaena 8.38mm, 2.8mm ka mānoanoa), a me kahi papa daimana (0.5mm ka mānoanoa me ka ʻole o ka chamfer ma ka ʻili). I kēlā manawa, aia pū kekahi Compax "slug system" PDC cutter. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ʻoki ʻoki penei: ʻo ka PDC compax weld i ka slug carbide cemented i hiki ke maʻalahi ke kau ʻana ma luna o ka bit drill kino kila, a laila e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mea hoʻolālā bit drill.
I ka makahiki 1973, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo GE i kāna bit PDC mua i loko o kahi luawai ma ka ʻāina ʻo King Ranch ma ka hema o Texas. I ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, ua manaʻo ʻia ka pilikia hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka bit. ʻEkolu mau niho i hāʻule i ka hui brazed, a ʻelua mau niho i haki pū me ka ʻāpana tungsten carbide. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻāʻo ka hui i kahi lua drill bit ma ka ʻāpana Hudson o Colorado. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi kēia drill bit i ke ʻano hydraulic no ka pilikia hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ua loaʻa i ka bit ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pōhaku one-shale me ka wikiwiki o ka wili ʻana. Akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa mai ka trajectory borehole i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka wā o ka wili ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea ʻoki ʻoki PDC ma muli o ka pilina brazing.
I ʻApelila 1974, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kolu o ka drill bit ma San Juan area o Utah, USA. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi kēia bit i ke ʻano o ka niho a me ke ʻano bit. Ua pani ka bit i nā ʻāpana cone kino kila i loko o ka pūnāwai pili, akā hāʻule ka nozzle a ua pōʻino ka bit. I kēlā manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi kokoke i ka hopena o ka ʻeli ʻana no kahi hoʻokumu paʻakikī, a i ʻole he pilikia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nozzle hāʻule.
Mai ka makahiki 1974 a hiki i ka makahiki 1976, ua loiloi nā hui drill bit a me nā ʻoihana i nā hoʻomaikaʻi like ʻole o ka ʻoki ʻoki PDC. Nui nā pilikia i kau ʻia ma ka noiʻi. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ia mau hopena noiʻi i loko o nā niho Stratapax PDC, i hoʻokumu ʻia e GE i Dekemaba 1976.
Ua kōkua ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka inoa mai Compax a i Stratapax i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka huikau o ka ʻoihana bit ma waena o nā bits me nā tungsten carbide compacts, a me diamond Compax.
I ka waena o 90s, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻohana nui i ka ʻenehana chamfering ma nā niho ʻoki PDC, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana multi-chamfer ma ke ʻano o kahi patent ma 1995. Inā hoʻohana pono ʻia ka ʻenehana chamfering, ʻo ke kūʻē ʻana o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā niho PDC. hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia e 100%.
I ka makahiki 1980, ua aʻo ʻo GE Company (USA) a me Sumitomo Company (Iāpana) i ka wehe ʻana o ka cobalt mai ka ʻili hana o nā niho PDC e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana o nā niho. Akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻokō i ka kūleʻa pāʻoihana. Ua kūkulu hou ʻia kekahi ʻenehana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Hycalog（USA）. Ua hōʻoia ʻia inā hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka mea metala mai ka ʻāpana palaoa, e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa wela o nā niho PDC i hiki ai i ka bit ke wili maikaʻi i nā hana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Hoʻomaikaʻi kēia ʻenehana hoʻoneʻe cobalt i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā niho PDC i nā ʻano pōhaku paʻakikī a hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā bits PDC.
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻonui wikiwiki ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā bits PDC. ʻO nā hana i hiki ʻole ke wili ʻia me nā bits PDC, ua hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka hoʻokele waiwai a hilinaʻi hoʻi me nā pahu drill PDC.
I ka makahiki 2004, ma ka ʻoihana drill bit, ʻo ka loaʻa kālā o ka mākeke o PDC drill bits i noho ma kahi o 50%, a ʻo ka mamao wili i hiki i kahi kokoke i 60%. Ke mau nei kēia ulu a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO nā mea a pau i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa i nā noi wili ʻana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika he mau bits PDC.
I ka pōkole, mai ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai i ka makahiki 70 a ʻike i kona ulu lohi mua, ua hoʻoikaika mālie nā mea ʻoki PDC i ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana drill bit no ka ʻimi ʻaila a me ke kinoea. Nui ka hopena o ka ʻenehana PDC i ka ʻoihana wili.
ʻO nā mea komo hou i ka mākeke o nā niho ʻokiʻoki PDC kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hui drill nui, e hoʻomau i ka alakaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea Innovative a me nā kaʻina hana i hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia ka hana o nā niho ʻoki PDC a me nā pahu drill PDC.
Ka manawa kau: Apr-07-2023